![]() Each neuron itself is a nonlinear dynamical system that illustrates a broad range of dynamics such as different types of bifurcation ( Izhikevich, 2007). ![]() But in the brain and biological neural network the information processing is not just a product of structural and anatomical connections of neurons, but also dynamical as well ( McKenna et al., 1994 Fox et al., 2005 Canolty et al., 2007 Izhikevich, 2007 Sporns, 2011). In these arrangements, there is virtually no dynamics involved, except a simple switching process, and the entire information processing and computing are performed based on the structural connectivity and arrangement of the switches. In a NAND gate, when at least one of the signals is “0,” the corresponding PMOS transistors that are controlled by this “0” signal will switch on, and the output will be connected to Vcc, representing state “1.” Or in a NOR case, when at least one of the signals is “1,” the correspond NMOS transistors will switch on, and the output will be connected to the ground, representing state “0.” The conventional Boolean circuits are nothing more than such circuits of switching transistors. In these circuits, the transistors operate as a switch, and turn on or off depending on the incoming data. As an example, in Figure 1 two different arrangements of transistors are depicted which implement two different functions, NOR and NAND operations. A Boolean circuit is an arrangement of bistable switches, where the switches are turned on or off based on the incoming data or control inputs. Modern computer systems are based on Boolean logic and Boolean circuits. There are fundamental differences between how biological neural networks and human-made computer systems perform computation.
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